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(ALTERNATIVE AND FUTURE)

Functions Types Family & Families (2) View more

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Alternatives to Marriage and Family: commune, cohabitation, gay parent families and single. Communes

In the nineteenth century, some thinkers believed that the family should be replaced by a more communal form of organization. An interesting example was the Oneida Community in New England (U.S.), established in the mid-nineteenth century by Humphrey Noyes. All men of the community were married to all women and it was assumed they were all parents of children in the community. The group came to include three hundred people some thirty years before dissolving.
since developed various types of communities in Western countries. In the sixties the communes emerged that advocated free sexual relations within the group and considered that the obligation to care for children must be collective. Some of these communities still exist.
The most important current example is the kibbutz communal life of Israel. A kibbutz is a community of families and individuals who cooperate in the rearing of children. Some are small (about fifty people), but others have 2000 people. Each kibbutz functions as a single household and childcare responsibilities is considered community and not the family.
At first, the kibbutz was more radical promoting communal property and the joint care of children to escape the individualistic nature of modern societies. Currently, it takes on more conventional forms, allowing, for example, that children sleep in his parents' house.


Cohabitation Cohabitation is an alternative to traditional marriage is when a couple has a sexual relationship without being married lives. This form of relationship is widespread in Western countries. There seems to be an important relationship between cohabitation and marriage. According to a study by the University of Essex, Great Britain 62% of cohabiting couples end up marrying a period of ten years separated by 30% and 8% remain cohabitation.
Cohabitation has been legalized in recent years: its members may claim a property division and a pension in case of separation.

Families with gay parents.
Today, many homosexual men and women in a stable cohabiting with their partners, some of them are married. In Spain recognizes the right to marry to gay couples since 2005.

Stay single.
Several factors have combined to increase the number of people living alone in Western societies. One is the trend towards late marriages, another is the increase in divorce rates and the other is the increasing number of older people whose partners have died.

Debate on the future of the family
- The future of the family, listen to different opinions. Some believe that the family falls apart and should be back to more traditional forms, others believe that the family is in crisis, but is changing and offering new ways and others believe that the family has always been harmful to humans

- What do these phrases mean? :
"The family is the nucleus of society modern, but was carcinogenic since the Stone Age. "(total loss)
" Marriage and family are not a casual sociological construction, the result of particular historical and economic situations, but rooted in the deepest essence of being human "(Benedict XVI)
- Do you think the family is in crisis? Why?
- What does the family of the individual and the group?
- What leads to negative consequences?
- What do you think about divorce? What explains the increase in divorces? Any positive aspects of divorce?
- What do you think the district as an alternative to family?
- What about cohabitation?
- How would you define these terms without looking at the notes: nuclear family, extended family, monogamy, polygamy, polygyny, polyandry, affective individualism, matriarchy, patriarchy, single parent, cohabitation, kibbutz?

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FAMILY (TYPES AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT)

Define the term family
What kind of family you know? Why
arises family?
What reasons have led the search for couples in history?

Definition and types.

According to sociologist Salvador Giner family can be defined as follows: "social group composed of persons related by blood, marriage or adoption, characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, reproduction and care of offspring."
can not speak of a normal family type. The family has varied throughout history and today has many different forms depending on the culture under consideration.
We can distinguish the following types of household.
A) The number of individuals:
1. Nuclear family. Is one in which two adults living with children (own or adopted) into a home.
can be complete if the two adults living with children or incomplete. This may be one parent (where only one parent lives with children) or can be formed by a couple living alone, ie without the children.
The nuclear family is the most widespread in European culture.
2. Extended family. Includes, along with the parents and their children, other relatives: grandparents, brothers, brothers, nephews, etc. living in the same household or close contact and continuous. This type of family is more common in non-Western families.
B) The number of spouses, we can distinguish the following types:
1. Monogamy. When the binding occurs between a husband and wife (or between two adults). This is the most common type in Western culture, which makes it illegal for a man or a woman are married to more than one individual at a time.
2. Polygamy. When an individual can have more than one spouse. In the whole world is the most common type of marriage.
Polygamy has, in turn, two types of polygyny, where a man can be married to more than one wife and polyandry at the same time, much less frequently that occurs when a woman can have simultaneously two or more husbands.
C) Finally, depending on the relations of power can distinguish various forms of family
1. Patriarchal. When the husband is dominant.
2. Matriarchal. When the wife dominates.
3. Equal. When the power of the wife and husband are balanced.

The development of family life
Lawrence Stone identifies three phases in the development of the family in Europe from the XVI century until the nineteenth century.
In the sixteenth century developed a variant of the nuclear family. The family lived in a small home, but maintained very strong relationships with the wider community and with other relatives. There was a clear separation between family and community. People were not looking in the family intimacy emotional. Sex within marriage was regarded as a way to produce children, but not as a source of pleasure.
Since the seventeenth century until the early eighteenth century, developed a family of transition extending mainly in the upper strata of society. This understanding of family attitudes that lead to later become universal. The nuclear family is independent of other relatives and the rest of the community. It stressed the importance of love between spouses and to parents. There was also an increase in the father's authority.
The third phase was developed between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Then developed the most common family system today. This is a family where emotional ties are very important, you can enjoy great intimacy in the home and there is concern about the parenting. Marriage ties are elected by the people themselves, guided by sexual desire or romantic love. It defends sex within marriage. The family ceases to be an organization dedicated to the production and consumption-oriented.

Changes in family patterns worldwide remain
diversity of family types that exist in the world. In some areas, remote regions of Asia, Africa and the Pacific, the traditional family has barely altered. However, in many countries are producing major changes due to several factors. On the one hand, Western culture is spreading entering your idea of \u200b\u200bromantic love. Moreover, in many regions are separate areas being dominated by centralized governments impose rules for families. For example, in China and in Mongolia due to over population, advocating smaller families. These changes are producing a nuclear family development in large parts of the planet, but the extended family remains the most widespread.
The most important changes taking place can be summarized as follows:
1. Reduction families extensive.
2. Trend towards the free choice of spouse.
3. A greater recognition of women's rights.
4. Lower frequency of marriages between relatives.
5. Increased sexual freedom in societies previously restrictive.
6. Further extension of the recognition of children's rights.